Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs List

Search the forms of be, do and have that "help" a main verb build tense, questions, negatives and the passive

Form Function Example

No forms match your search.

Primary vs. Modal Auxiliaries

English has two families of helping verb. The primary auxiliaries — be, do, and have — are on this page: they change form to match tense and person, and build questions, negatives, the passive voice, and the continuous/perfect aspects. The modal auxiliaries — can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would — never change form and add meaning like ability, permission, or obligation instead.

Primary auxiliary

She is working. · They have left. · Did you call?

Modal auxiliary

She can swim. · They must leave. · Would you help?

About This List

Auxiliary verbs don't carry the main meaning of a sentence — they "help" the main verb by marking tense, forming questions and negatives, building the passive voice, or combining with -ing/-ed forms for the continuous and perfect aspects. The same three verbs — be, do, and have — also work as ordinary main verbs on their own ("I have a car"), which is exactly what makes them confusing to spot.

How to use it: type a form (like "was" or "did") or a function (like "question" or "passive") into the search box — the table filters instantly as you type.