Sensors tell a robot where it is and actuators let it move, but neither one decides how to move. That is the job of a controller. A control system continuously compares what the robot is doing with what it should be doing, then adjusts its commands to close the gap.
You'll start with the big idea: feedback and closed-loop control. You'll see why a loop that measures its own result handles disturbances and variations far better than one that simply sends a fixed command, and how this looks in a real robot, from the controller to the motor amplifiers to the encoders that report back.
Then you'll learn the controller used in most robots, the PID controller. You'll learn what the proportional, integral, and derivative terms each do, how they affect speed, overshoot, and stability, and why tuning the gains matters. These ideas carry straight into Kinematics & Dynamics and every module that makes a robot move on purpose.
An introduction to feedback (closed-loop) control, how it automates a process, and how it copes with system variations and unexpected changes in the environment.
How a real robot control loop is built: the controller, motor amplifiers, and encoder feedback, plus the main control goals such as motion, force, and impedance control.
A professor's walkthrough of how PID control helps a robot move quickly and stop at exactly the desired position, for example when driving a set distance or moving an arm.